University Of Alberta Poker Hand Evaluator

In the summer of 2008, the University of Alberta and the poker coaching website Stoxpoker ran a second tournament during the World Series of Poker in Las Vegas. The tournament had six duplicate sessions of 500 hands each, and the human players were Heads-Up Limit specialists.

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A game of Texas hold 'em in progress. 'Hold 'em' is a popular form of poker.

Poker is a family of card games that combines gambling, strategy and different skills. All poker variants involve betting as an intrinsic part of play, and determine the winner of each hand according to the combinations of players' cards, at least some of which remain hidden until the end of the hand. Poker games vary in the number of cards dealt, the number of shared or 'community' cards, the number of cards that remain hidden, and the betting procedures.

In most modern poker games the first round of betting begins with one or more of the players making some form of a forced bet (the blind or ante). In standard poker, each player bets according to the rank they believe their hand is worth as compared to the other players. The action then proceeds clockwise as each player in turn must either match (or 'call') the maximum previous bet, or fold, losing the amount bet so far and all further involvement in the hand. A player who matches a bet may also 'raise' (increase) the bet. The betting round ends when all players have either called the last bet or folded. If all but one player folds on any round, the remaining player collects the pot without being required to reveal their hand. If more than one player remains in contention after the final betting round, a showdown takes place where the hands are revealed, and the player with the winning hand takes the pot.

With the exception of initial forced bets, money is only placed into the pot voluntarily by a player who either believes the bet has positive expected value or who is trying to bluff other players for various strategic reasons. Thus, while the outcome of any particular hand significantly involves chance, the long-run expectations of the players are determined by their actions chosen on the basis of probability, psychology, and game theory.

Poker has increased in popularity since the beginning of the 20th century and has gone from being primarily a recreational activity confined to small groups of enthusiasts to a widely popular activity, both for participants and spectators, including online, with many professional players and multimillion-dollar tournament prizes.

History[edit]

Poker was developed sometime during the early 19th century in the United States. Since those early beginnings, the game has grown to become an extremely popular pastime worldwide.

In the 1937 edition of Foster's Complete Hoyle, R. F. Foster wrote: 'the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of As-Nas.' By the 1990s some gaming historians including David Parlett started to challenge the notion that poker is a direct derivative of As-Nas. Developments in the 1970s led to poker becoming far more popular than it was before. Modern tournament play became popular in American casinos after the World Series of Poker began, in 1970.^[1]

Gameplay[edit]

Examples of top poker hand categories

In casual play, the right to deal a hand typically rotates among the players and is marked by a token called a dealer button (or buck). In a casino, a house dealer handles the cards for each hand, but the button (typically a white plastic disk) is rotated clockwise among the players to indicate a nominal dealer to determine the order of betting. The cards are dealt clockwise around the poker table, one at a time.

One or more players are usually required to make forced bets, usually either an ante or a blind bet (sometimes both). The dealer shuffles the cards, the player on the chair to his or her right cuts, and the dealer deals the appropriate number of cards to the players one at a time, beginning with the player to his or her left. Cards may be dealt either face-up or face-down, depending on the variant of poker being played. After the initial deal, the first of what may be several betting rounds begins. Between rounds, the players' hands develop in some way, often by being dealt additional cards or replacing cards previously dealt. At the end of each round, all bets are gathered into the central pot.

At any time during a betting round, if one player bets, no opponents choose to call (match) the bet, and all opponents instead fold, the hand ends immediately, the bettor is awarded the pot, no cards are required to be shown, and the next hand begins. This is what makes bluffing possible. Bluffing is a primary feature of poker, one that distinguishes it from other vying games and from other games that make use of poker hand rankings.

At the end of the last betting round, if more than one player remains, there is a showdown, in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant being played wins the pot. A poker hand comprises five cards; in variants where a player has more than five cards available to them, only the best five-card combination counts.

Variants[edit]

2006 WSOP Main Event table

Poker variations are played where a 'high hand' or a 'low hand' may be the best desired hand. In other words, when playing a poker variant with 'low poker' the best hand is one that contains the lowest cards (and it can get further complicated by including or not including flushes and straights etc. from 'high hand poker'). So while the 'majority' of poker game variations are played 'high hand', where the best high 'straight, flush etc.' wins, there are poker variations where the 'worst hand' wins, such as 'low ball, acey-ducey, high-lo split etc. game variations'. To summarize, there can be variations that are 'high poker', 'low poker', and 'high low split'. In the case of 'high low split' the pot is divided among the best high hand and low hand.

Poker has many variations,^[2][3] all following a similar pattern of play^[4] and generally using the same hand ranking hierarchy. There are four main families of variants, largely grouped by the protocol of card-dealing and betting:

Straight

A complete hand is dealt to each player, and players bet in one round, with raising and re-raising allowed. This is the oldest poker family; the root of the game as now played was a game known as Primero, which evolved into the game three-card brag, a very popular gentleman's game around the time of the American Revolutionary War and still enjoyed in the U.K. today. Straight hands of five cards are sometimes used as a final showdown, but poker is almost always played in a more complex form to allow for additional strategy.

Stud poker

Cards are dealt in a prearranged combination of face-down and face-up rounds, or streets, with a round of betting following each. This is the next-oldest family; as poker progressed from three to five-card hands, they were often dealt one card at a time, either face-down or face-up, with a betting round between each. The most popular stud variant today, seven-card stud, deals two extra cards to each player (three face-down, four face-up) from which they must make the best possible 5-card hand.

Draw poker

A complete hand is dealt to each player, face-down, and after betting, players are allowed to attempt to change their hand (with the object of improving it) by discarding unwanted cards and being dealt new ones. Five-card draw is the most famous variation in this family.

Community card poker

Also known as 'flop poker', community card poker is a variation of stud poker. Players are dealt an incomplete hand of face-down cards, and then a number of face-up community cards are dealt to the center of the table, each of which can be used by one or more of the players to make a 5-card hand. Texas hold 'em and Omaha are two well-known variants of the community card family.

There are several methods for defining the structure of betting during a hand of poker. The three most common structures are known as 'fixed-limit', 'pot-limit', and 'no-limit'. In fixed-limit poker, betting and raising must be done by standardized amounts. For instance, if the required bet is X, an initial bettor may only bet X; if a player wishes to raise a bet, they may only raise by X. In pot-limit poker, a player may bet or raise any amount up to the size of the pot. When calculating the maximum raise allowed, all previous bets and calls, including the intending raiser's call, are first added to the pot. The raiser may then raise the previous bet by the full amount of the pot. In no-limit poker, a player may wager their entire betting stack at any point that they are allowed to make a bet. In all games, if a player does not have enough betting chips to fully match a bet, they may go 'all-in', allowing them to show down their hand for the amount of chips they have remaining.

Other games that use poker hand rankings may likewise be referred to as poker. Video poker is a single-player video game that functions much like a slot machine; most video poker machines play draw poker, where the player bets, a hand is dealt, and the player can discard and replace cards. Payout is dependent on the hand resulting after the draw and the player's initial bet.

Strip poker is a traditional poker variation where players remove clothing when they lose bets. Since it depends only on the basic mechanic of betting in rounds, strip poker can be played with any form of poker; however, it is usually based on simple variants with few betting rounds, like five card draw.

Another game with the poker name, but with a vastly different mode of play, is called Acey-Deucey or Red Dog poker. This game is more similar to Blackjack in its layout and betting; each player bets against the house, and then is dealt two cards. For the player to win, the third card dealt (after an opportunity to raise the bet) must have a value in-between the first two. Payout is based on the odds that this is possible, based on the difference in values of the first two cards. Other poker-like games played at casinos against the house include three card poker and pai gow poker.

Computer programs[edit]

A variety of computer poker players have been developed by researchers at the University of Alberta, Carnegie Mellon University, and the University of Auckland amongst others.

In a January 2015 article^[5] published in Science, a group of researchers mostly from the University of Alberta announced that they 'essentially weakly solved' heads-up limit Texas Hold 'em with their development of their Cepheus poker bot. The authors claimed that Cepheus would lose at most 0.001 big blinds per game on average against its worst-case opponent, and the strategy is thus so 'close to optimal' that 'it can't be beaten with statistical significance within a lifetime of human poker playing'.^[6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'World Series of Poker Retrospective: Horseshoe History'. gaming.unlv.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-13.
2. ^Richard D. Harroch, Lou Krieger. Poker for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons, 2010
3. ^Reuben, Stewart 2001. Starting out in Poker. London: Everyman/Mind Sports. ISBN1-85744-272-5
4. ^Sklansky, David. The Theory of Poker. Two Plus Two Pub, 1999.
5. ^Bowling, M.; Burch, N.; Johanson, M.; Tammelin, O. (2015). 'Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved'(PDF). Science. 347 (6218): 145–149. CiteSeerX10.1.1.697.72. doi:10.1126/science.1259433. PMID25574016.
6. ^Computer program 'perfect at poker' (2015-01-08), BBC

External links[edit]

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: poker

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Poker

Look up poker in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Poker.

• Poker at Curlie

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poker&oldid=935979934'

A computer poker player is a computer program designed to play the game of poker against human opponents or other computer opponents. It is commonly referred to as pokerbot or just simply bot.

• 1On the Internet
  • 1.1Player bots
• 3Research groups
• 4Historic contests
  • 4.6The Annual Computer Poker Competition

On the Internet[edit]

These bots or computer programs are used often in online poker situations as either legitimate opponents for humans players or a form of cheating. Whether or not the use of bot constitutes cheating is typically defined by the poker room that hosts the actual poker games. Most (if not all) cardrooms forbid the use of bots although the level of enforcement from site operators varies considerably.

Player bots[edit]

The subject of player bots and computer assistance, while playing online poker, is very controversial. Player opinion is quite varied when it comes to deciding which types of computer software fall into the category unfair advantage. One of the primary factors in defining a bot is whether or not the computer program can interface with the poker client (in other words, play by itself) without the help of its human operator. Computer programs with this ability are said to have or be an autoplayer and are universally defined to be in the category of bots regardless of how well they play poker.

The issue of unfair advantage has much to do with what types of information and artificial intelligence are available to the computer program. In addition, bots can play for many hours at a time without human weaknesses such as fatigue and can endure the natural variances of the game without being influenced by human emotion (or 'tilt'). On the other hand, bots have some significant disadvantages - for example, it is very difficult for a bot to accurately read a bluff or adjust to the strategy of opponents the way humans can.

House enforcement[edit]

While the terms and conditions of poker sites generally forbid the use of bots, the level of enforcement depends on the site operator. Some will seek out and ban bot users through the utilization of a variety of software tools. The poker client can be programmed to detect bots although this is controversial in its own right as it might be seen as tantamount to embedding spyware in the client software.^{[citation needed]} Another method is to use CAPTCHAs at random intervals during play.

House bots[edit]

The subject of house bots is even more controversial due to the conflict of interest it potentially poses. By the strictest definition, a house bot is an automated player operated by the online poker room itself, although some would define more indirect examples (for example, a player operating bots with the knowledge and consent of the operator) as 'house bots' as well. These type of bots would be the equivalent of brick and mortar shills.

In a brick and mortar casino, a house player does not subvert the fairness of the game being offered as long as the house is dealing honestly. In an online setting the same is also true. By definition, an honest online poker room that chooses to operate house bots would guarantee that the house bots did not have access to any information not also available to any other player in the hand (the same would apply to any human shill as well). The problem is that in an online setting the house has no way to prove their bots are not receiving sensitive information from the card server. This is further exacerbated by the ease with which clandestine information sharing can be accomplished in a digital environment. It is essentially impossible even for the house to prove that they do not control some players - probably the only real way that could be done would be to disclose the confidential personal information of every player and that obviously cannot be done due to privacy considerations.

Artificial Intelligence[edit]

Poker is a game of imperfect information (because some cards in play are concealed) thus making it difficult for anyone (including a computer) to deduce the final outcome of the hand. Because of this lack of information, the computer's programmers have to implement systems based on the Bayes theorem, Nash equilibrium, Monte Carlo simulation or neural networks, all of which are imperfect techniques.

AIs like PokerSnowie and Claudico have been created by allowing the computer to determine the best possible strategy by letting it play itself an enormous number of times. This seems to be the current approach to poker AI, as opposed to attempting to make a computer that plays like a human. This results in odd bet sizing and a much different strategy than humans are used to seeing.

Methods are being developed to at least approximate perfect poker strategy from the game theory perspective in the heads-up (two player) game, and increasingly good systems are being created for the multi-player game. Perfect strategy has multiple meanings in this context. From a game-theoretic optimal point of view, a perfect strategy is one that cannot expect to lose to any other player's strategy; however, optimal strategy can vary in the presence of sub-optimal players who have weaknesses that can be exploited. In this case, a perfect strategy would be one that correctly or closely models those weaknesses and takes advantage of them to make a profit, such as those explained above.

Research groups[edit]

Computer Poker Research Group (University of Alberta, Canada)[edit]

A large amount of the research into computer poker players is being performed at the University of Alberta by the Computer Poker Research Group, led by Dr. Michael Bowling. The group developed the agents Poki, PsOpti, Hyperborean and Polaris. Poki has been licensed for the entertainment game STACKED featuring Canadian poker player Daniel Negreanu. PsOpti was available under the name 'SparBot' in the poker training program 'Poker Academy'. The series of Hyperborean programs have competed in the Annual Computer Poker Competition, most recently taking three gold medals out of six events in the 2012 competition. The same line of research also produced Polaris, which played against human professionals in 2007 and 2008, and became the first computer poker program to win a meaningful poker competition.

In January 2015, an article in Science^[1] by Michael Bowling, Neil Burch, Michael Johanson, and Oskari Tammelin claimed that their poker bot Cepheus had 'essentially weakly solved' the game of heads-up limit Texas hold 'em.^[2][3][4]

School of Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University[edit]

T. Sandholm and A. Gilpin from Carnegie Mellon University have started poker AI research in 2004 beginning with unbeatable agent for 3-card game called Rhode-Island Hold 'em. Next step was GS1 which outperformed the best commercially available poker bots. Since 2006 poker agents from this group have participated in annual computer competitions. 'At some point we will have a program better than the best human players' – claims Sandholm. His bot, Claudico, faced off against four human opponents in 2015. In 2017 the program's latest software, Libratus, faced off against four professional poker players. By the end of the experiment the four human players had lost a combined $1.8 million.^[5]

The University of Auckland Game AI Group[edit]

A team from the University of Auckland consists of a small number of scientists who employ case-based reasoning to create and enhance Texas Hold’em poker agents. The group applies different AI techniques to a number of games including participation in the commercial projects Small Worlds and Civilization (video game).

Neo Poker Laboratory[edit]

Neo Poker Lab is an established science team focused on the research of poker artificial intelligence. For several years it has developed and applied state-of-the-art algorithms and procedures like regret minimization and gradient search equilibrium approximation, decision trees, recursive search methods as well as expert algorithms to solve a variety of problems related to the game of poker.

University Of Alberta Poker Hand Evaluator Jobs

Historic contests[edit]

ICCM 2004 PokerBot competition[edit]

One of the earliest no-limit poker bot competitions was organized in 2004 by International Conference on Cognitive Modelling.^[6] The tournament hosted five bots from various universities from around the world. The winner was Ace Gruber, from University of Toronto.^[7]

ACM competitions[edit]

The ACM has hosted competitions where the competitors submit an actual piece of software able to play poker on their specific platform. The event hosts operate everything and conduct the contest and report the results. (citations and references and links needed).

The 2005 World Series of Poker Robots[edit]

In the summer 2005, the online poker room Golden Palace hosted a promotional tournament in Las Vegas, at the old Binions, with a $100k giveaway prize. It was billed as the 2005 World Series of Poker Robots. The tournament was bots only with no entry fee. The bot developers were computer scientists from six nationalities who traveled at their own expense. The host platform was Poker Academy. The event also featured a demonstration headsup event with Phil Laak.

University of Alberta's Man V Machine experiments[edit]

In the summer 2007, the University of Alberta hosted a highly specialized headsup tournament between humans and their Polaris bot, at the AAAI conference in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The host platform was written by the University of Alberta. There was a $50k maximum giveaway purse with special rules to motivate the humans to play well. The humans paid no entry fee. The unique tournament featured four duplicate style sessions of 500 hands each. The humans won by a narrow margin.

In the summer of 2008, the University of Alberta and the poker coaching website Stoxpoker ran a second tournament during the World Series of Poker in Las Vegas. The tournament had six duplicate sessions of 500 hands each, and the human players were Heads-Up Limit specialists. Polaris won the tournament with 3 wins, 2 losses and a draw. The results of the tournament, including the hand histories from the matches, are available on the competition website.

The 2015 Brains vs AI competition by Rivers Casino, CMU and Microsoft[edit]

From April–May 2015, Carnegie Mellon University Sandholm's latest bot, Claudico, faced off against four human opponents, in a series of no-limit Texas Hold'em matches.^[8][9] Finally, after playing 80,000 hands, humans were up by a combined total of $732,713. But even though humans technically won, scientists considered the win as statistically insignificant (rather, a statistical tie) when that $732,713 is compared to the total betting amount of $170,000,000 ($170 million). However, some have determined this claim to be disingenuous.^[10] Statistically insignificant here means that the programmers of Claudico can not say with 95% confidence (a 95% confidence interval) that humans are better than the computer program. However, it is a statistically significant win on a 90% confidence interval. This means that the human players are somewhere between a 10 to 1 and 20 to 1 favorite.^[11]

The way the tournament was structured was in two sets of two players each. In each of the two sets, the players got the opposite cards. Meaning if the computer has As9c (Ace of Spades & Nine of Clubs) and the human has Jh8d on one computer, the other of the two players in the set will have As9c up against the computer's Jh8d. However, even with the human players winning more than the computer—not all of the players were positive in their head to head match ups.

The totals for each of the players winnings were as follows:

• Douglas Polk: +$213,671
• Dong Kim: +$70,491
• Bjorn Li: +$529,033
• Jason Les: -$80,482^[12]

The Annual Computer Poker Competition[edit]

Since 2006, the Annual Computer Poker Competition has run a series of competitions for poker programs. Since 2010, three types of poker were played: Heads-Up Limit Texas Hold'em, Heads-Up No-Limit Texas Hold'em, and 3-player Limit Texas Hold'em. Within each event, two winners are named: the agent that wins the most matches (Bankroll Instant Run-off), and the agent that wins the most money (Total Bankroll). These winners are often not the same agent, as Bankroll Instant Run-off rewards robust players, and Total Bankroll rewards players that are good at exploiting the other agents' mistakes. The competition is motivated by scientific research, and there is an emphasis on ensuring that all of the results are statistically significant by running millions of hands of poker. The 2012 competition had the same formats with more than 70 million hands played to eliminate luck factor.

Some researchers developed web application where people could play and assess quality of the AI. So as of December 2012 the following top groups and individual researchers’ agents could be found:

• Hyperborean (9 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze)
• Bluffbot (1 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals)
• Sartre (1 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals)
• Neo Poker Bot (1 gold, 5 bronze medals)

Results[edit]

2010[13]
Heads-up Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. PULPO (Marv Andersen, UK) 2. Hyperborean-TBR (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. Sartre (University of Auckland, New Zealand)	1. Rockhopper (David Lin, USA) 2. GGValuta (Mihai Ciucu, Romania) 3. Hyperborean-IRO (University of Alberta, Canada)
Heads Up No Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Tartanian4-TBR (Carnegie Mellon University, USA) 2. PokerBotSLO (Universities of Maribor & Ljubljana, Slovenia) 3. HyperboreanNL-TBR (University of Alberta, Canada)	1. HyperboreanNL-IRO (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. SartreNL (University of Auckland, New Zealand) 3. Tartanian4-IRO (Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
3-max Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Hyperborean3P-TBR (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. LittleRock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 3. Bender (Technical University Darmstadt, German)	1. Hyperborean3P-IRO (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. dcu3pl-IRO (Dublin City University, Ireland) 3. LittleRock (Rod Byrnes, Australia)
2011[14]
Heads-up Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Calamari (Marv Andersen, UK) 2. Sartre (University of Auckland, New Zealand) 3. Hyperborean-2011-2p-limit-tbr (University of Alberta, Canada)	1. Hyperborean-2011-2p-limit-iro (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Slumbot (Eric Jackson, USA) 3. Calamari (Marv Andersen, UK)
Heads Up No Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Lucky7 (Mikrospin d.o.o., Slovenia) 2. SartreNL (University of Auckland, New Zealand) 3. Hyperborean-2011-2p-nolimit-tbr (University of Alberta, Canada)	1. Hyperborean-2011-2p-nolimit-iro (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. SartreNL (University of Auckland, New Zealand) 3. Hugh (USA & Canada)
3-max Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Sartre3p (University of Auckland, New Zealand) 2. Hyperborean-2011-3p-limit-tbr (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. AAIMontybot (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) 3. LittleRock (Rod Byrnes, Australia)	1. Hyperborean-2011-3p-limit-iro (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Sartre3p (University of Auckland, New Zealand) 3. LittleRock (Rod Byrnes, Australia)
2012
Heads-up Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Slumbot (Eric Jackson, USA) 2. Little Rock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 2. Zbot (Ilkka Rajala, Finland)	1. Slumbot (Eric Jackson, USA) 2. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. Zbot (Ilkka Rajala, Finland)
Heads Up No Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Little Rock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 2. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. Tartanian5 (Carnegie Mellon University, USA)	1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Tartanian5 (Carnegie Mellon University, USA) 3. Neo Poker Bot (Alexander Lee, Spain)
3-max Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Little Rock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 3. Neo Poker Bot (Alexander Lee, Spain) 3. Sartre (University of Auckland, New Zealand)	1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Little Rock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 3. Neo Poker Bot (Alexander Lee, Spain) 3. Sartre (University of Auckland, New Zealand)
2013
Heads-up Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Marv (Marv Anderson, UK) 2. Feste (François Pays, France) 2. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada)	1. Neo Poker Bot (Alexander Lee, Spain) 2. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. Zbot (Ilkka Rajala, Finland) 3. Marv (Marv Anderson, UK)
Heads Up No Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Slumbot NL (Eric Jackson, USA) 2. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. Tartanian6 (Carnegie Mellon University, USA)	1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Slumbot NL (Eric Jackson, USA) 3. Tartanian6 (Carnegie Mellon University, USA) 3. Nyx (Charles University, Czech Republic)
3-max Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Little Rock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 3. Neo Poker Bot (Alexander Lee, Spain)	1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Little Rock (Rod Byrnes, Australia) 3. Neo Poker Bot (Alexander Lee, Spain)
2014
Heads-up Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Escabeche (Marv Andersen, UK) 2. SmooCT (University College London, UK) 3. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 3. Feste (Francois Pays, France)
Heads Up No Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Tartanian7 (Carnegie Mellon University, USA) 2. Nyx (Charles University, Czech Republic) 2. Prelude (Unfold Poker, USA) 2. Slumbot (Eric Jackson, USA)	1. Tartanian7 (Carnegie Mellon University, USA) 2. Prelude (Unfold Poker, USA) 2. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. Slumbot (Eric Jackson, USA)
3-max Limit Texas Hold'em
Total Bankroll	Bankroll Instant Run-off
1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. SmooCT (University College London, UK) 3. KEmpfer (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany)	1. Hyperborean (University of Alberta, Canada) 2. SmooCT (University College London, UK) 3. KEmpfer (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Bowling, Michael; Burch, Neil; Johanson, Michael; Tammelin, Oskari (Jan 2015). 'Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved'. Science. 347 (6218): 145–9. CiteSeerX10.1.1.697.72. doi:10.1126/science.1259433. PMID25574016.
2. ^Philip Ball (2015-01-08). 'Game Theorists Crack Poker'. Nature. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.16683. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
3. ^Robert Lee Hotz (2015-01-08). 'Computer Conquers Texas Hold 'Em, Researchers Say'. Wall Street Journal.
4. ^Bob McDonald (2015-01-10). 'Poker Computer Takes the Pot [audio interview]'. Quirks & Quarks (Podcast).
5. ^Joshua Brustein (31 January 2017). 'Inside the 20-Year Quest to Build Computers That Play Poker'. Bloomberg. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
6. ^'Iccm 2004'.
7. ^https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/2392/2/Carter%20RG%20thesis%2007.pdf
8. ^Marilyn Malara (April 25, 2015). 'Brains vs. AI: Computer faces poker pros in no-limit Texas Hold'em'. UPI. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
9. ^'Rivers Casino's Brains vs AI'.
10. ^'Brains Vs. AI | Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science'. www.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
11. ^'Brains Vs. AI | Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science'. www.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
12. ^'Brains vs Artificial Intelligence'. www.riverscasino.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
13. ^http://poker.cs.ualberta.ca/news_2010.html
14. ^http://poker.cs.ualberta.ca/news.html

University Of Alberta Poker Hand Evaluator Training

External links[edit]

University Of Alberta Poker Hand Evaluator Tool

• Programming Poker AI Article by the programmer of the AI for the World Series of Poker Game
• Caroline Hsu. 'Can 'pokerbots' beat humans?'. USnews.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2009.
• CMU deals a winning hand for Texas Hold 'em Article about Carnegie Mellon University poker AI research group

University Of Alberta Poker Hand Evaluator Test

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